What is the maximum severe turbulence penetration speed?

The maximum severe turbulence penetration speed is crucial for ensuring safety during flight in turbulent conditions. The correct answer reflects that the maximum speed is governed by a combination of indicated airspeed (KIAS) and true airspeed (MACH).

In turbulent conditions, especially severe turbulence, it is important for pilots to slow the aircraft to a speed that allows for better control and reduced structural loads. The guideline set is 280 knots indicated airspeed (KIAS) or .75 Mach, whichever is lower. This standard ensures that the aircraft can handle the stresses associated with turbulence without risking structural damage or loss of control. This specific threshold considers both airspeed limitations at lower altitudes and the potential for transonic speeds, which could be detrimental for aircraft in severe turbulence.

The other options do not account for the simultaneous consideration of both airspeed and Mach number, which is why they do not represent the correct protocol for safely navigating severe turbulence.